The first Jewish population arrived in 1066 with William the Conqueror and England’s last invasion, Jewish communities were set up in all the major towns, at this point the Jews were property of the King and protected by Royal decree. In the 13th Century the fortunes of the Jews of England changed with many blood libels insinuated leading to pogroms and many deaths. Finally in 1290 the Jews were expelled from England and Wales. The Jewish community reappeared in the time of Oliver Cromwell 1656. The community grew and became more integrated in general life, by the 1960s the community numbered about 350,000, since then it has been steadily declining until today when it is about 270,000. The largest Jewish populations are in London specifically North West London, other centres are Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, Liverpool, Brighton and Gateshead near Newcastle. In Scotland the Jewish communities are in Glasgow with a much smaller population in Edinburgh, there are kosher shops in all these places, but only London and Manchester, with 75% of the Jewish Population, have a range of kosher restaurants. Chareidi communities can be found in Gateshead in Manchester and places in London. There are some Chasidic areas in London most notably Stamford Hill.