Brazil has the ninth largest Jewish community in the world, about 107,329 by 2010, There have been Jews in what is now Brazil since the first Portuguese arrived in the country in 1500 They were known as "New Christians" (Conversos or Marranos — Jews obliged to convert to Roman Catholicism by the Portuguese crown). In 1904, the Jewish agricultural colonization, supported by the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA) began in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil. All these colonization attempts, however, failed because of "inexperience, insufficient funds and poor planning" and also because of "administrative problems, lack of agricultural facilities and the lure of city jobs." The main benefit from these agricultural experiments was the removal of restrictions in Brazil on Jewish immigration from Europe during the 20th century." By the First World War, about 7,000 Jews were inhabiting Brazil. The current Jewish community is composed by 75% of Ashkenazi Jews of Polish and German descent and also of 25% Sephardic Jews. Jews lead an open religious life in Brazil and there are rarely any reported cases of anti-semitism in the country. There are 7 Jewish communities that have a population of over 1000, the largest of these is São Paulo with over 50,000. Kosher products in Brazil generally do not carry kosher symbols. However, there is a list of kosher products in Portuguese which can be translated into Enlish.